Bioremediation Strategies and Toxicity Assessment of Soil Pollutants

推荐语

Phytoremediation,the use of green plants to treat and control wastes in water and soil,is a natural,solar-driven and environment-friendly method,which plays an important role in the field of ecological engineering. Especially in combination with other methods,such as biological,physical,and chemical methods,phytoremediation has recently aroused great interest and led to applications in hazardous materials treatment.

Also,the increasing risks of soil contamination bring great opportunities for new analytical techniques with the features of rapid detection,high sensitivity,on-line monitoring and risk assessment. However,chemical analytical approaches have some natural defects,either costly,time-consuming,cumbersome,or dependent on expensive equipment. Additionally,it is hard to provide either toxicity or bioavailability information via these well-established approaches and then achieve effective risk assessment of soil pollutants. These challenges highlight the urgent need for improvement and the broad economic market for toxicity evaluation of soil pollutants. Of all the emerging techniques,whole-cell bioreporter assay is representative owing to its advantages of simplicity,cost-effectiveness,high sensitivity,high specificity,rapidity,and feasibility for bioavailability and toxicity assessment. Whole-cell bioreporters therefore fill an important gap in the requirement of rapid and low-cost monitoring of the presence and toxicity of soil pollutants.

内容简介

This book has 7 chapters,including phytoremediation of heavy metals(Chapter 1),cultivation-dependent and-independent approaches for the microbial degradation of pesticides(Chapters 2,4 and 5),microbial degradation of PAHs(Chapters 3 and 6),and toxictity assessment of environmental samples via whole-cell bioreporter assay(Chapter 7). This book is a brief summary of the research work supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(42177359,41807119),Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(8212030),Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(FRF-TP-20-010A3),and China Postdoctoral Scientific Fund(2017M620626).

目录

1 Effective phytoremediation of low-level heavy metals by native macrophytes in a vanadium mining area,China

1.1 Overview

1.2 Site description

1.3 Heavy metal distribution in the vanadium contaminated area

1.4 Uptake of heavy metals in macrophytes in the vanadium mining area

1.5 Heavy metal uptake by native aquatic plants in laboratory hydroponics

1.6 Conclusion

2 Microbial degradation of organophosphorus pesticides via pure cultivation approach:novel degraders, kinetics and functional genes

2.1 Overview

2.2 Isolation and characterization of OPs-degrading microorganisms

2.3 Effects of pH and temperature on OPs biodegradation

2.4 Kinetic analysis of OPs degradation

2.5 Identification of OPs-degrading genes

2.6 Genotoxicity assessment of OPs and their degradation products by the whole-cell bioreporter ADP1_recA

2.7 Conclusion

3 Cultivation-independent approaches for the identification of functional microorganisms-taking PAHs as examples

3.1 Overview

3.2 PAHs-degrading microorganisms and genes

3.3 Fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)

3.4 Stable isotope probing(SIP)

3.5 Metagenomics based on high throughput sequencing

3.6 Transcriptomics

3.7 Single-cell technology

3.8 Magnetic-nanoparticle mediated isolation(MMI)

4 Unraveling uncultivable pesticide degraders via stable isotope probing(SIP)

4.1 Overview

4.2 Stable isotope probing for identifying functional microbes

4.3 Application of SIP in identifying active pesticide degraders and studying bacterial diversity and function

4.4 Technical details of applying DNA-SIP in identifying functional pesticide degraders

4.5 Combination of DNA-SIP with other techniques

4.6 Conclusion

5 Identification of chlorpyrifos-degrading microorganisms in farmland soils via cultivation-independent and cultivation-dependent approaches

5.1 Overview

5.2 CPF biodegradation in soil

5.3 MNPs synthesis and functionalization of soils

5.4 Microorganisms responsible for CPF biodegradation identified by MMI

5.5 Isolation of CPF-degraders by pure cultivation

5.6 Identification of organophosphorus hydrolase(OPH)genes affected in CPF metabolism

5.7 The degradation metabolite of CPF

5.8 Comparison between the degraders isolated via MMI and pure cultivation

5.9 Conclusion

6 Bioaugmentation performance of cultivable and uncultivable microorganisms for pyrene degradation

6.1 Overview

6.2 Biodegradation and bioaugmentation performance

6.3 Microbial community diversity and structure during pyrene degradation process

6.4 Pyrene degraders revealed by cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent methods

6.5 Intra-correlation within soil bacterial community

6.6 Dynamics of pyrene dioxygenase encoding genes

6.7 Metabolites and degradation pathway of pyrene

6.8 Comparative analysis of the bioaugmentation performance of PAHs degraders isolated via MMI and pure cultivation

6.9 Conclusion

7 A whole-cell bioreporter assay for quantitative genotoxicity evaluation of environmental samples

7.1 Overview

7.2 Preparation,sampling and chemical analysis of soil and seawater samples

7.3 SOS model simulation

7.4 Modelling of the E.coli bioreporter response to artificial samples

7.5 Response of the bioreporter to Cr(Ⅵ) contaminated soils

7.6 Response of the bioreporter to crude oil contaminated seawater

7.7 Conclusion

References